International Journal of Geoscience, Engineering and Technology

Editorial Team and Contents Volume 8

Antônio Jorge de Lima Gomes, Jorge Luiz dos Santos Gomes — Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

Editorial Team and Contents.

Editorial to the eighth issue of the of International Journal of Geoscience, Engineering and Technology

Antônio Jorge de Lima Gomes, Jorge Luiz dos Santos Gomes — Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

Editorial to the eighth issue of the of International Journal of Geoscience, Engineering and Technology

Urbanization Impact on Erosion and Streamflow Patterns in two different regions of Teófilo Otoni - MG

Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

Urbanization progress has a direct impact on urban drainage due to the increase in impermeable surfaces. Ignoring these factors during urban planning can result in negative environmental consequences and a reduced quality of life in urban areas. Geoprocessing tools, such as GIS, are valuable for visualizing and characterizing study areas, facilitating data collection for terrain studies. This study focuses on characterizing the surfaces of three districts in Teófilo Otoni, MG: Castro Pires, Jardim São Paulo, and Santa Clara. These districts are distributed across two regions with different urban occupation patterns. We applied the Rational, Modified Rational, and Curve Number methods to estimate surface runoff and analyze variations over a 20-year period. Additionally, we utilized the USLE Method to estimate erosion. Data collection was conducted using ArcMap and Google Earth software. We observed a medium increase of 126% in the impermeable area across the three districts over the 20-year period. Surface runoff depth increased by 36% when using the rational methods and by 57% when applying the curve number method. Furthermore, we identified that the Rational Method tends to overestimate surface runoff depth. Conversely, soil erosion decreased in all three districts: 12.8% in Santa Clara, 18.0% in Castro Pires, and 20.4% in Jardim São Paulo. Our results illustrate the substantial influence of land use and urban development on erosion processes, particularly as a result of the expansion of impermeable surfaces in the studied areas.

Upper Cretaceous Aeolian Depositional Systems: the Marilia Formation in the regions between Northwestern São Paulo and Southern Goiás

Pamela Vilela — Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

This paper aimed at characterizing the sandstones and paleosols of the Marília Formation (Bauru Basin - upper Cretaceous), present in the southern region of Goiás and in the region of Marília (northwestern São Paulo), by means of petrographic analyses and field studies. Facies and architectural elements, compositional analyses of conglomerates and petrographic analyses of sandstones and paleosols were carried out, thus defining, and interpreting the depositional mechanisms. The Formação Marília, in the southern region of Goiás, is interpreted as an extensive eolic sand sheet, cut by ephemeral rivers, in which cyclic alternation between eolic deposits and paleosols occurs. The construction of the lithosomes was determined by different paleoclimatic conditions, responsible for moments with higher water availability, which favored the formation of soils, and others with lower water availability, favorable to the sedimentation of sandy deposits with eolian undulating marks. Three architectural elements were recognized: paleosols, sandy sheet deposits dominated by eolian wavy marks, and ephemeral river deposits. Paleosols are the most frequent elements and consist prevalently of Aridissols and subordinately of Alphissols. The sandstones were classified into lithoarenites (predominantly), sublithoarenites and feldspathic lithoarenites. The Marília Formation, in the Marília region, shows different development conditions in the lower and upper part of the Serra de Echaporã: in the lower part eolian sandstone deposits and ephemeral lakes alternate with paleosols indicating high water table and in the upper part eolian deposits and paleosols of arid and semiarid climate occur. Three architectural elements were recognized: paleosols, sand sheet deposits dominated by eolian wavy marks, and playa lake deposits. The paleosols consisted prevalently of Aridissols and subordinately of a gleying paleosol type. No ephemeral fluvial deposits were found. The sandstones were classified into sublithoarenites and subarcosites (predominantly). A construction model was proposed for this former sand sheet. The construction phase was characterized by sediment input by rivers during a wetter period (first input), and by several cycles of erosion of ephemeral river deposits and soils during drier climatic phases (second input).

Automation of Brewing Pot with Arduino Microcontroller

Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

In Brazil and in the world, beer is a popular and widely consumed drink. The optimization of some processes in the production of craft beers has been gaining prominence since it facilitates the process, providing more safety and quality in the final product. Therefore, the present work aims to increase the efficiency in the extraction of sugars, maintaining temperature stability during the process. For this, an adaptation of a brewing pot was carried out and the development of a controller that uses the Arduino platform together with different sensors. Furthermore, the man-machine interface was elaborated through the buttons, OLED display, buzzer and LEDS. The pot and the controller work together to control the entire process, keeping the wort temperature within the established ranges, during the time specified by the recipe. Throughout the development of the project, several tests were carried out to identify possible failures in the system. The controller was able to reach and control temperature steps, offering a viable and effective solution for beer production, in addition to being cost-effective.

Survey of geological and environmental risk areas in the Filadélfia neighborhood, city of Teófilo Otoni-MG

Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

With the urbanization process, anthropic procedures occur so that it can carry out construction of roads and buildings, in which they can use inappropriate areas for this occupation. The present investigation aimed to identify and understand the behavior of the geological risk areas of Filadélfia neighborhood, in the well-known expansion Alegria De Teófilo Otoni-Minas Gerais, which has land with irregular topography and slopes even greater than 100%. In view of this situation, the brief literature review was carried out seeking theoretical and technical basis to carry out the survey of 3 specific points in the place, carrying out an on-site visit and classifying as to the existing risks. The situation in the 3 points in common with risk R3 (High Risk) was notorious, having fissures, cracks and even ravines in specific points of the slopes analyzed, which can cause landslides in the event of rainy periods.

Mapping of vegetation cover based on remote sensing data in the city of Teófilo Otoni - MG

Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

Vegetation can be defined as a grouping of native plants that occur in any land area, as long as the conditions for their development are met, thus, we can consider it an important element of the ecological environment and essential for the survival of human beings. This work aims to map the vegetation cover of the city of Teófilo Otoni based on remote sensing data. Teófilo Otoni is located in the Northeast of the State of Minas Gerais in Brazil, and has about 141.269 inhabitants. The present study seeks to generate information on the current state of the study area, providing relevant information about the existing vegetation cover in the municipality through the creation of maps using images obtained through the Landsat 8/OLI satellite. For this, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was chosen. The results indicate a denser vegetation (more than 0,55 NDVI) in the more distant regions of the urban perimeter and when approaching the urban area, we have a lower vegetation or a sudden change to an area that suffered anthropological action (less than 0,34 NDVI).

Case study of landslides on Minervino de Castro Pinto Street in the municipality of Teófilo Otoni

Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

Mass movements are defined as the transport of soil and/or rocky material through gravitational action. The municipality of Teófilo Otoni presents itself as an area of high slopes and topographic amplitudes. Thus, this work aims to analyze the degree of risk of the occurrence of landslides at points on Minervino de Castro Pinto Street (Building 124 and Building 136). The methods adopted are qualitative for the development of the theoretical framework and for the field study, an emergency registration script developed by the Ministry of Cities was used to determine the degree of risk of the occurrence of soil mass movement. When analyzing the study area, it is concluded that they were classified with the risk degree R4, fitting in areas of very high risk, in view of the features of landslides with planar geometry on the slope located at the bottom of the buildings, therefore, measures of stabilization should be employed.

Development of an interactive spreadsheet for foundation type determination

Fabiana Alves Martins, Iandra Batista da Silva, Danilo Bento Oliveira — Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0300

In Civil Engineering, the structural design, which includes foundations, columns, beams, and slabs, must be developed to ensure that the criteria for use and serviceability are met. Foundations, in particular, are responsible for transmitting the loads from the structure to the ground on which it is supported. In this regard, this work aims to present a tool in the form of an interactive and automated spreadsheet to assist in the selection of the type of foundation to be used in the project. Additionally, the factors that influence the choice of specific types of foundations will be discussed. The spreadsheet was created using Microsoft Excel, based on normative criteria and semi-empirical equations. The tool proved to be an efficient resource, facilitating the decision-making process. It is worth noting that each situation presents inherent peculiarities, making the foundation type selection process unique, and it is up to the designer to analyze them and make the appropriate choices.

Reducing The Block Effect In Color Images (RGB) Using Genetic Algorithms

Daniel Moraes Santos — Mon, 30 Oct 2023 18:27:04 -0300

The block effect is a typical effect in reconstructed images that have been encoded by a block-based discrete cosine transform (DCT). In highly compressed images and videos, block effects are easily noticeable as a discontinuity between relatively homogeneous regions (Wenfeng, Coskun and Yongmin, 2002). The JPEG standard has long been used as a reference algorithm for compressing monochrome images, this compression could also be applied separately to color image components (RGB). The purpose of this article is to present a method for generating quantization tables for the JPEG algorithm, which reduces the blocky effect presented by the JPEG standard.